Construction of residential buildings
Private construction is becoming popular as suburbs develop. Detached houses are comfortable housing, less expensive than city apartments. Owners of such houses receive a number of advantages.
Individual planning. At the design stage of the house, the customer determines its area, the number of internal rooms, their location, shape, number and size of windows, interior doors.
Own territory. When designing a house, it is oriented on the site so as to ensure good natural lighting of the rooms, conveniently position the building relative to the boundaries of the site, access roads, and other objects on the territory.
Comfort. Use of high-quality materials in construction, increased area, large number of windows, ability to independently design ventilation, and later regulate heating and air conditioning. No noise from neighbors.
Any housing must be safe and reliable - therefore, before the start of construction work, design, project approval, and obtaining a building permit are carried out.
Design. During the development of the project, the number of floors, area, layout of the house are determined, construction technologies, materials are selected, and requirements for the installation of communications are determined. The project contains complete information about the future building. During the design, a number of calculations are performed to determine the strength characteristics, heat, sound, waterproofing of structures, and the loads they can withstand. All work is performed in accordance with the project.
Project approval. The project goes through several approval stages. At the first stage, it must be approved by the customer, who evaluates the area and layout of the house, its architectural solution, location on the site, and the estimate. If the house is being built on the territory of a cottage village, where requirements apply to architectural and design solutions, its administration must approve the design documentation. Then the project is submitted for approval to official authorities.
Construction permit. This is the first stage in the paperwork for the future house. The title documents for the land plot and the approved project are submitted to the regulatory authorities or the local administration. During the construction permit process, it is checked whether the plot is encumbered, whether it is located in a protected area, etc. If construction is possible, a permit is issued. It can be used to connect utilities (electricity, water supply) to the plot. In this case, the connection of utilities will be a two-stage process - first, the facility will be registered as a construction site with an appropriate power supply capacity limit, after the house is delivered, the facility will receive the status of a residential building, and the limit will be lifted.
After the design documentation has been completed, construction work begins.
Foundation arrangement. Some standard projects stipulate the possibility of using one of several types of foundation. In this case, the type of construction is selected based on the characteristics of the soil on the site. Before the foundation is arranged, the site is leveled, if necessary, access roads are organized. The foundation is deepened below the level of soil freezing. The pit or trenches are filled, forming a cushion of gravel and sand. Next, waterproofing is arranged, a reinforcing frame is assembled from metal or fiberglass reinforcement, and concrete is poured. When arranging a strip foundation, the "strip" goes along the perimeter of the house, under all load-bearing walls. If a monolithic slab is arranged, it occupies the entire area of the house. Employees of the Olympia company use concrete blocks or brickwork to strengthen the perimeter of the foundation. Before pouring concrete, pipes are laid in the reinforcing frame for subsequent connection of communications.
Erection of walls. The first to be erected are the load-bearing walls of the first floor. The level and correctness of the angles for each row are checked. When using large-sized building blocks, additional reinforcement of some rows is possible. During the construction of walls, door and window openings are arranged. Concrete "lintels" are poured above them, which are reinforced. The load-bearing walls of the second and subsequent floors are erected after the arrangement of the ceilings, observing the same requirements. Light interior partitions can be erected immediately or later.
Installation of floors. The type of floor is specified in the project. The requirements set out in the design documentation must be observed, since the floor is involved in distributing the load between the load-bearing walls and the foundation. Floors can be monolithic or prefabricated. In private construction, structures made of metal reinforcement and concrete are more often used.
Before installing the roof, gables are erected — sections of walls adjacent to the roof. Here, it is important to control the geometry of each row — it must correspond to the roof structure. The technology depends on the type of material chosen for the roof covering. In general, rafters are installed, to which the sheathing and/or solid flooring is attached. Then the roof covering is mounted, valleys, ridge and ribs, ventilation outlets are arranged.
The described stages are classified as basic construction works. Next comes glazing (installation of windows, dormer windows, balcony doors), installation of entrance doors, arrangement of stairs. If the utilities are not yet connected, they are connected, then you can proceed to electrical installation, output of connections for plumbing. At the same time, the foundation is finished, the roof is thermally insulated from the attic or loft side. Then you can proceed to interior work: arrangement of the subfloor, and then the finished floor, finishing of ceilings, walls, installation of interior doors.
In a construction company, the described work takes only a few months. You can trust us with all stages of construction: design, preparation of the construction site, interior decoration, landscaping.
